Ijma, according to Islamic jurisprudence, means the agreed view of the sahãba or the comThe Ijma According To Islamic Jurisprudencepanions of the holy prophet of islam, and later it meant the unanimous consent of the learned doctors. It serves as one of the sources of islamic theology.
In islam, independent reasoning (Ijitihad) recognizes a full knowledge of muslim law and a thought acquaintance with the Qur'an, the Hadith and principles of Jurisprudence, all this requires the consultation of the trusted counsellors or jurists or the collective opinion of the scouncil of divines.
Ijmã literally means "collecting" or "assembling" and from the point of view of islamic theology it is the unanimous consent of the mujtahidūn (Muslim divines of the highest degree of learning). Such Mujtahidun must be men of piety and not heretics.
There are 3 Foundation Of Ijmã
• Ittifaq al-Qaul which means unanimous consent expressed in declaration of opinion.
• Ittifãq al-fi'il which means unanimous consent expressed in unanimity of practice.
• Ittifaq al-Sukūti which means that the majority of the Mujtahidun signified their tacit assent to the to the opinions of majority by "silence" or
Non-interference.
It should however be noted that there is some difference of opinion as to up to what period of sahaba (companion of prophet), the others believe that the ijma of the Ansãrs (helper) and Muhãjirūn (Immigrants) who were dweller in madina with scholars believe that Ijmã may be collected in every age.